A UTI is an infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary system—which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most UTIs affect the lower urinary tract viz. bladder and urethra.

UTIs are usually caused by bacteria, especially E. coli, which can enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder.

Women are more prone to UTIs due to a shorter urethra. Other risk groups include:

• Elderly people
  
• Diabetics
  
• People with kidney stones or urinary catheters
  
• Men with prostate enlargement

Patients with obstructive urinary problems 

Common symptoms include:

• Burning sensation while urinating
  
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Lower abdominal pain
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• Blood in urine
• Lower abdominal pain
• Fever (if infection reaches the kidneys)

Yes, though less common, men can also get UTIs, especially those with prostate problems, urinary stones, phimosis or after certain medical procedures.

If treated early, UTIs are not serious. However, if left untreated, the infection can spread upwards to the kidneys and lead to complications.

UTIs are diagnosed using:

• Urine routine and culture tests
  
• Blood tests (in case of severe infection)
  
• Ultrasound to rule out underlying causes like stones or obstruction

UTIs are treated with antibiotics, based on the type of bacteria found. Pain relief medications and increased fluid intake are also advised.

Most uncomplicated UTIs improve within 3 to 5 days of starting antibiotics. Complicated cases may take longer.

Mild UTIs can be treated at home. Hospitalization is needed only if the infection is severe, recurrent, or affects the kidneys requiring IV antibiotics.

A recurrent UTI is when a person gets 2 or more UTIs in 6 months, or 3 or more in a year. These require further investigation and long-term management.

Yes. If not treated early, a UTI can spread to the kidneys and cause pyelonephritis, a more serious infection that may need hospitalization.

Yes. High fever with chills, back pain, and vomiting may indicate that the infection has reached the kidneys.

• Drink plenty of water
  
• Do not hold urine for long periods
  
• Maintain good personal hygiene
  
• Urinate after sexual activity
  
  

Wipe from front to back (for women)

No, UTIs are not contagious and do not spread from one person to another through casual contact.

Yes. Pregnant women are at higher risk of UTIs and should be treated promptly to avoid complications for both mother and baby.

Yes. UTIs can affect infants and children. Common signs include fever, irritability, poor feeding, or change in urine color.

Cranberry juice may help reduce the risk of UTIs in some people, but it is not a substitute for medical treatment.

Yes. Prostate enlargement or infection can lead to incomplete emptying of the bladder, increasing the risk of UTIs in men.

If you’re experiencing UTI symptoms, consult Dr. P. Niranjanraj, Urologist at Niranjan Hospital, Perambalur, for expert diagnosis and effective treatment.